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a Case Report in Nepal » alliedtherapy.org
Malasseziasis in Dog: a Case Report in Nepal
Case History:
Wesley, a 7-year-old maleGermon Shephord , was presented because of a nine-month history of hair loss and thickened, greasy skin. The dog was moderately pruritic, but the owner could not recall if pruritus had preceded or followed the appearance of the skin lesions. The dog seemed healthy otherwise. A vinegar and water solution had been used topically as well as selenium sulfide shampoo with minimal improvement. Prednisone was dispensed six months before presentation but did not seem to help. The owner had tried different brands of dog food but with no improvement.
Physical examination:
Physical examination revealed severe alopecia, hyperpigmentation, and lichenification of the ventral chest and. The legs and ventral neck were also affected. The hair was greasy and epilated easily. The outer ear canals were thickened and contained a brown discharge. The peripheral lymph nodes were moderately enlarged. Wesley's abdomen seemed distended, and the liver was palpably enlarged but non-painful. His testes were symmetrical but small and soft.
Differential diagnoses
Lichenification can be seen with many chronic infectious (bacterial, demodectic mange, fungal), allergic (fleas, food, atopy), or seborrheic skin disorders, but lichenification of the ventral neck, chest, and axillary areas is particularly characteristic of yeast dermatitis (Malassezia pachydermatitis). Lichenification is also seen in West Highland white terriers affected with epidermal dysplasia, but this was less likely in Wesley's case since epidermal dysplasia is a heritable keratinization defect in which signs usually begin between 6 and 12 months of age.
Because of the physical examination findings of abdominal distention, hepatomegaly, and small testicles, we suspected that an underlying endocrine disease (hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism) may also be present.
Diagnostic tests
Cytologic examination of skin imprints showed many yeast, as well as many cocci. Skin scrapings were negative for mites. Cytologic examination of otic discharge revealed many bacteria (rods and cocci) as well as yeast. Bacterial culture of the ears grew Staphylococcus aureus and B-hemolytic Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, and Malassezia species. All bacteria were sensitive to several antibiotics, including enrofloxacin and cephalothin, but were resistant to gentamicin.